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<h3 class="likesectionHead"><a 
 id="x1-1000"></a>Kompleksiluvun juuren laskeminen</h3>
<!--l. 17--><p class="noindent">Olkoon laskettavana <!--l. 17--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mi 
>w</mi> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mroot><mrow 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2212;</mo> <mn>6</mn><mn>4</mn></mrow><mrow 
><mn>6</mn></mrow></mroot></math>.
Juurrettavan <!--l. 17--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mi 
>z</mi></math> itseisarvo
on t&#x00E4;ll&#x00F6;in <!--l. 18--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" > <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mn>6</mn><mn>4</mn></math>
ja napakulma <!--l. 18--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mi 
>&#x03D5;</mi> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mi 
>&#x03C0;</mi></math>;
napakoordinaattiesitys on <!--l. 19--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mi 
>z</mi> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2212;</mo><mn>6</mn><mn>4</mn> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mn>6</mn><mn>4</mn><mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><mo class="qopname">cos</mo><!--nolimits--> <mi 
>&#x03C0;</mi> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">+</mo> <mstyle mathvariant="normal"><mi 
>i</mi></mstyle><mo class="qopname"> sin</mo><!--nolimits--> <mi 
>&#x03C0;</mi></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow></math>.
</p><!--l. 21--><p class="noindent">Juuren itseisarvo on t&#x00E4;ll&#x00F6;in <!--l. 21--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mi 
>s</mi> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mroot><mrow 
><mn>6</mn><mn>4</mn></mrow><mrow 
><mn>6</mn></mrow></mroot> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mn>2</mn></math>
ja napakulma <!--l. 22--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mi 
>&#x03C8;</mi> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mi 
>&#x03C0;</mi><mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2215;</mo><mn>6</mn> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">+</mo> <mn>2</mn><mi 
>k</mi><mi 
>&#x03C0;</mi><mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2215;</mo><mn>6</mn> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mi 
>&#x03C0;</mi><mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><mn>1</mn> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">+</mo> <mn>2</mn><mi 
>k</mi></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2215;</mo><mn>6</mn></math>.
Arvoilla <!--l. 22--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mi 
>k</mi> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mn>0</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo> <mn>1</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo> <mn>2</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo> <mn>3</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo> <mn>4</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo> <mn>5</mn></math> saadaan
kulman <!--l. 23--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mi 
>&#x03C8;</mi></math>
mahdolliset arvot
</p>
<div class="math-display"><!--l. 24--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" ><mrow 
>
                          <mfrac><mrow 
><mi 
>&#x03C0;</mi></mrow>
<mrow 
><mn>6</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mspace width="1em" class="quad"/><mfrac><mrow 
><mi 
>&#x03C0;</mi></mrow> 
<mrow 
><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mspace width="1em" class="quad"/><mfrac><mrow 
><mn>5</mn><mi 
>&#x03C0;</mi></mrow> 
 <mrow 
><mn>6</mn></mrow></mfrac> <mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mspace width="1em" class="quad"/><mfrac><mrow 
><mn>7</mn><mi 
>&#x03C0;</mi></mrow> 
 <mrow 
><mn>6</mn></mrow></mfrac> <mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mspace width="1em" class="quad"/><mfrac><mrow 
><mn>3</mn><mi 
>&#x03C0;</mi></mrow> 
 <mrow 
><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac> <mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mspace width="1em" class="quad"/><mfrac><mrow 
><mn>1</mn><mn>1</mn><mi 
>&#x03C0;</mi></mrow> 
 <mrow 
><mn>6</mn></mrow></mfrac>  <mo 
class="MathClass-punc">.</mo>
</mrow></math></div>
<!--l. 27--><p class="nopar"> Arvoa <!--l. 28--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mi 
>k</mi> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mn>6</mn></math>
ei en&#x00E4;&#x00E4; tarvitse ottaa huomioon, sill&#x00E4; se antaa arvon
<!--l. 29--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mn>1</mn><mn>3</mn><mi 
>&#x03C0;</mi><mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2215;</mo><mn>6</mn></math>,
mik&#x00E4; vastaa samaa napakulmaa kuin ensimm&#x00E4;inen arvo
<!--l. 29--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mi 
>&#x03C0;</mi><mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2215;</mo><mn>6</mn></math>.
My&#x00F6;sk&#x00E4;&#x00E4;n t&#x00E4;t&#x00E4; isommat tai negatiiviset arvot
<!--l. 30--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mi 
>k</mi></math> eiv&#x00E4;t
en&#x00E4;&#x00E4; anna uusia napakulmia. Juuren arvot saadaan siten lausekkeesta
                                                                          

                                                                          
<!--l. 32--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mi 
>w</mi> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mi 
>s</mi><mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><mo class="qopname">cos</mo><!--nolimits--> <mi 
>&#x03C8;</mi> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">+</mo> <mstyle mathvariant="normal"><mi 
>i</mi></mstyle><mo class="qopname"> sin</mo><!--nolimits--> <mi 
>&#x03C8;</mi></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow></math> em.
arvojen <!--l. 32--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mi 
>&#x03C8;</mi></math>
avulla:
<!--tex4ht:inline--></p><!--l. 33--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" >
<mtable 
class="gather-star">
<mtr> 
<mtd><msub><mrow 
><mi 
>w</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <msqrt><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msqrt> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">+</mo> <mstyle mathvariant="normal"><mi 
>i</mi></mstyle><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mspace width="1em" class="quad"/><msub><mrow 
><mi 
>w</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mn>2</mn><mstyle mathvariant="normal"><mi 
>i</mi></mstyle><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mspace width="1em" class="quad"/><msub><mrow 
><mi 
>w</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2212;</mo><msqrt><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msqrt> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">+</mo> <mstyle mathvariant="normal"><mi 
>i</mi></mstyle><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo></mtd>   
<mtd></mtd>
</mtr><mtr> 
<mtd><msub><mrow 
><mi 
>w</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2212;</mo><msqrt><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msqrt> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2212;</mo><mstyle mathvariant="normal"><mi 
>i</mi></mstyle><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mspace width="1em" class="quad"/><msub><mrow 
><mi 
>w</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2212;</mo><mn>2</mn><mstyle mathvariant="normal"><mi 
>i</mi></mstyle><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mspace width="1em" class="quad"/><msub><mrow 
><mi 
>w</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>5</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <msqrt><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msqrt> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2212;</mo><mstyle mathvariant="normal"><mi 
>i</mi></mstyle><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">.</mo></mtd> 
<mtd></mtd>                                     </mtr></mtable>
</math>
<!--l. 36--><p class="nopar">
</p><!--l. 38--><p class="noindent">N&#x00E4;m&#x00E4; saadaan my&#x00F6;s lausekkeesta
<!--l. 38--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><msub><mrow 
><mi 
>w</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mi 
>k</mi></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <msub><mrow 
><mi 
>w</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub 
><msubsup><mrow 
><mi 
>u</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>6</mn></mrow><mrow 
><mi 
>k</mi></mrow></msubsup 
></math>,
miss&#x00E4;
</p>
                                                                          

                                                                          
<div class="math-display"><!--l. 39--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" ><mrow 
>
                     <msub><mrow 
><mi 
>u</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>6</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo><mo class="qopname"> cos</mo><!--nolimits--><mfrac><mrow> <mi 
>&#x03C0;</mi></mrow> 
<mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></mfrac>  <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">+</mo> <mstyle mathvariant="normal"><mi 
>i</mi></mstyle><mo class="qopname"> sin</mo><!--nolimits--><mfrac><mrow> <mi 
>&#x03C0;</mi></mrow> 
<mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></mfrac>  <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo><mfrac><mrow> <mn>1</mn></mrow> 
<mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac><mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><mn>1</mn> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">+</mo> <msqrt><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msqrt><mspace width="0em" class="thinspace"/><mstyle mathvariant="normal"><mi 
>i</mi></mstyle></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">.</mo>
</mrow></math></div>
<!--l. 42--><p class="nopar">
</p><!--l. 44--><p class="noindent">Alla oleva kuvio osoittaa juurten sijainnin kompleksitasossa.
</p>
<div class="center" 
>
<!--l. 46--><p class="noindent">
</p><!--l. 47--><p class="noindent"><img 
src="imagesxml/cluvut100x.png" alt="PIC" class="graphics"  /><!--tex4ht:graphics  
name="cluvut100x.png" src="juuret.eps"  
--></p></div>
<!--l. 50--><p class="noindent"><span 
class="ecbx-1200">Linkkej</span><span 
class="ecbx-1200">&#x00E4;</span>
</p><!--l. 51--><p class="noindent"><a 
href="cluvut09.xml" >Kompleksilukujen juuret</a>
<br class="newline" />
                                                                          

                                                                          
<br class="newline" />
<span 
class="ecti-1200">Simo K. Kivel</span><span 
class="ecti-1200">&#x00E4;</span>    27.04.2005
</p>
 
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