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<h3 class="likesectionHead"><a 
 id="x1-1000"></a>Lineaariyhdistely ja aliavaruuden viritt&#x00E4;minen</h3>
<!--l. 41--><p class="noindent">Vektorien <!--l. 41--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>v</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub 
><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>v</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub 
><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mo 
class="MathClass-op">&#x2026;</mo><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>v</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mi 
>n</mi></mrow></msub 
></math>
lineaariyhdistely (lineaarikombinaatio) on
</p>
<div class="par-math-display"><!--l. 44--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" ><mrow 
>
                       <msub><mrow 
><mi 
>a</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub 
><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>v</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">+</mo> <msub><mrow 
><mi 
>a</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub 
><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>v</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">+</mo> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">&#x22EF;</mo> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">+</mo> <msub><mrow 
><mi 
>a</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mi 
>n</mi></mrow></msub 
><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>v</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mi 
>n</mi></mrow></msub 
><!--mstyle 
class="text"--><mtext >,</mtext><!--/mstyle-->
</mrow></math></div>
<!--l. 46--><p class="nopar">
</p><!--l. 48--><p class="noindent">miss&#x00E4; <!--l. 48--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><msub><mrow 
><mi 
>a</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub 
><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><msub><mrow 
><mi 
>a</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub 
><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mo 
class="MathClass-op">&#x2026;</mo><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><msub><mrow 
><mi 
>a</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mi 
>n</mi></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">&#x2208;</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">&#x211D;</mi></math>.
</p><!--l. 50--><p class="noindent">Vektorien <!--l. 50--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>e</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mn>0</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow></math>,
<!--l. 50--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>e</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow></math> ja
<!--l. 50--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>e</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mn>0</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">&#x2208;</mo> <msup><mrow 
><mi mathvariant="double-struck">&#x211D;</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup 
></math> tai
<!--l. 51--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>a</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mn>0</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow></math>,
<!--l. 51--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>a</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow></math> ja
<!--l. 51--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>a</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">&#x2208;</mo> <msup><mrow 
><mi mathvariant="double-struck">&#x211D;</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup 
></math>
lineaariyhdistelyn&#x00E4; voidaan lausua mik&#x00E4; tahansa
<!--l. 52--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><msup><mrow 
><mi mathvariant="double-struck">&#x211D;</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup 
></math>:n
vektori. Esimerkiksi
</p>
                                                                  

                                                                  
<div class="par-math-display"><!--l. 55--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" ><mrow 
>
              <mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><mn>9</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mn>9</mn><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>e</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2212;</mo><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>e</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">+</mo> <mn>7</mn><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>e</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mn>1</mn><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>a</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">+</mo> <mn>3</mn><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>a</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">+</mo> <mn>4</mn><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>a</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub 
>
</mrow></math></div>
<!--l. 57--><p class="nopar">
</p><!--l. 59--><p class="noindent">Koska mik&#x00E4; tahansa <!--l. 59--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><msup><mrow 
><mi mathvariant="double-struck">&#x211D;</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup 
></math>:n vektori
voidaan lausua vektoreiden <!--l. 60--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>a</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mn>0</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow></math>,
<!--l. 60--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>a</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow></math> ja
<!--l. 60--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>a</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow></math>
avulla, ne viritt&#x00E4;v&#x00E4;t kolmiulotteisen vektoriavaruuden
<!--l. 61--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><msup><mrow 
><mi mathvariant="double-struck">&#x211D;</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup 
></math>. T&#x00E4;t&#x00E4;
merkit&#x00E4;&#x00E4;n <!--l. 62--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mo class="qopname"> span</mo><!--nolimits--><mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>a</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub 
><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>a</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub 
><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>a</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub 
></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <msup><mrow 
><mi mathvariant="double-struck">&#x211D;</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup 
></math>
ja vektoreiden <!--l. 63--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>a</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub 
></math>,
<!--l. 63--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>a</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub 
></math> ja
<!--l. 63--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><msub><mrow 
><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>a</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow 
><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub 
></math> sanotaan
viritt&#x00E4;v&#x00E4;n <!--l. 63--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><msup><mrow 
><mi mathvariant="double-struck">&#x211D;</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup 
></math>:n.
</p><!--l. 71--><p class="noindent">Vektorit <!--l. 71--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>r</mi></mstyle> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mn>0</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow></math>,
<!--l. 72--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>s</mi></mstyle> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mn>0</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">&#x2208;</mo> <msup><mrow 
><mi mathvariant="double-struck">&#x211D;</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup 
></math> ja
<!--l. 72--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>t</mi></mstyle> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2212;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mn>0</mn><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2212;</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">&#x2208;</mo> <msup><mrow 
><mi mathvariant="double-struck">&#x211D;</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup 
></math>
viritt&#x00E4;v&#x00E4;t yksiulotteisen vektoriavaruuden
<!--l. 73--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mi 
>W</mi></math> (suora
<!--l. 73--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><msup><mrow 
><mi mathvariant="double-struck">&#x211D;</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup 
></math>:ssa), koska
kaikki vektorien <!--l. 74--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>r</mi></mstyle></math>,
<!--l. 74--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>s</mi></mstyle></math> ja
<!--l. 74--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>t</mi></mstyle></math>
lineaarikombinaatiot voidaan lausua yhden vektorin avulla:
</p>
                                                                  

                                                                  
<div class="par-math-display"><!--l. 77--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" ><mrow 
>
           <mi 
>a</mi><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>r</mi></mstyle> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">+</mo> <mi 
>b</mi><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>s</mi></mstyle> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">+</mo> <mi 
>c</mi><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>t</mi></mstyle> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><mi 
>a</mi> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2212;</mo> <mn>2</mn><mi 
>c</mi></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>r</mi></mstyle><mspace width="1em" class="quad"/><!--mstyle 
class="text"--><mtext >tai</mtext><!--/mstyle--><mspace width="1em" class="quad"/><mi 
>a</mi><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>r</mi></mstyle> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">+</mo> <mi 
>b</mi><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>s</mi></mstyle> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">+</mo> <mi 
>c</mi><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>t</mi></mstyle> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><mi 
>c</mi> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2212;</mo><mfrac><mrow 
><mn>1</mn></mrow> 
<mrow 
><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac><mi 
>a</mi></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>t</mi></mstyle><!--mstyle 
class="text"--><mtext >.</mtext><!--/mstyle-->
</mrow></math></div>
<!--l. 81--><p class="nopar">
</p><!--l. 83--><p class="noindent">T&#x00E4;ten vektorien <!--l. 83--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>r</mi></mstyle></math>,
<!--l. 83--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>s</mi></mstyle></math> ja
<!--l. 83--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>t</mi></mstyle></math> viritt&#x00E4;m&#x00E4;
avaruus <!--l. 83--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mi 
>W</mi></math> on sama
kuin vektorin <!--l. 84--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>r</mi></mstyle></math>
tai <!--l. 84--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>t</mi></mstyle></math>
yksin&#x00E4;&#x00E4;n viritt&#x00E4;m&#x00E4; avaruus eli
</p>
<div class="par-math-display"><!--l. 89--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" ><mrow 
>
                 <mi 
>W</mi> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo><mo class="qopname"> span</mo><!--nolimits--><mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>r</mi></mstyle><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>s</mi></mstyle><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>t</mi></mstyle></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo><mo class="qopname"> span</mo><!--nolimits--><mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>r</mi></mstyle></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo><mo class="qopname"> span</mo><!--nolimits--><mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>t</mi></mstyle></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow><!--mstyle 
class="text"--><mtext >.</mtext><!--/mstyle-->
</mrow></math></div>
<!--l. 93--><p class="nopar">
</p><!--l. 95--><p class="noindent"><span 
class="aebx-10">Linkkej</span><span 
class="aebx-10">&#x00E4;</span>
</p><!--l. 96--><p class="noindent"><a 
href="vektoriavaruus.xml" >Vektoriavaruus</a>
<br class="newline" /> <a 
href="kanta.xml" >Kanta</a>
<br class="newline" /> <a 
href="dimensio.xml" >Dimensio</a>
<br class="newline" />
<br class="newline" />
                                                                  

                                                                  
<span 
class="aeti-10">Ossi Mauno    </span>28.10.2004
</p>
 
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