<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1" ?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="xsl/mathml.xsl"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="../navi/css/esim.css"?> 
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="css/sepyht.css"?>
<html  
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"  
><head>
<title>XML</title> 
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> 
<meta name="generator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/mn.html)" /> 
<meta name="originator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/mn.html)" /> 
<!-- xhtml,mozilla --> 
<meta name="src" content="sepyht.tex" /> 
<meta name="date" content="2005-04-07 09:32:00" /> 
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../navi/css/esim.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/sepyht.css" /> 
</head><body 
>
<h3 class="likesectionHead"><a 
 id="x1-1000"></a>Separoituva yht&#x00E4;l&#x00F6;</h3>
<!--l. 28--><p class="noindent">Koska differentiaaliyht&#x00E4;l&#x00F6; <!--l. 28--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><msup><mrow 
><mi 
>y</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mi 
>&#x2032;</mi></mrow></msup 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mi 
>x</mi><mi 
>y</mi></math>&#x0020;
voidaan kirjoittaa muotoon
</p>
<div class="math-display"><!--l. 29--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" ><mrow 
>
                                     <mfrac><mrow 
><mn>1</mn></mrow>
<mrow 
><mi 
>y</mi></mrow></mfrac><mspace width="0em" class="thinspace"/><mfrac><mrow 
><mi 
>d</mi><mi 
>y</mi></mrow>
<mrow 
><mi 
>d</mi><mi 
>x</mi></mrow></mfrac> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mi 
>x</mi><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo>
</mrow></math></div>
<!--l. 31--><p class="nopar"> se on separoituva, ja ratkaisu saadaan muodossa
</p>
<div class="math-display"><!--l. 33--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" ><mrow 
>
                                <mo mathsize="big" 
>&#x222B;</mo>
 <!--nolimits--><mfrac><mrow 
><mn>1</mn></mrow> 
<mrow 
><mi 
>y</mi></mrow></mfrac><mspace width="0em" class="thinspace"/><mi 
>d</mi><mi 
>y</mi> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo><mo mathsize="big" 
> &#x222B;</mo>
  <!--nolimits--><mi 
>x</mi><mspace width="0em" class="thinspace"/><mi 
>d</mi><mi 
>x</mi> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">+</mo> <mi 
>C</mi><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">.</mo>
</mrow></math></div>
<!--l. 35--><p class="nopar">
</p><!--l. 37--><p class="noindent">Integroinnit antavat
</p>
                                                                                 
                                                                                 
<div class="math-display"><!--l. 38--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" ><mrow 
>
                                  <mo class="qopname">ln</mo><!--nolimits--> <mfenced separators="" 
open="|"  close="|" ><mrow><mi 
>y</mi></mrow></mfenced> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mfrac><mrow 
><msup><mrow 
><mi 
>x</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup 
></mrow> 
 <mrow 
><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac>  <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">+</mo> <mi 
>C</mi><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo>
</mrow></math></div>
<!--l. 40--><p class="nopar">jolloin
</p>
<div class="math-display"><!--l. 42--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" ><mrow 
>
                              <mi 
>y</mi> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x00B1;</mo><msup><mrow 
><mi 
>e</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mi 
>C</mi></mrow></msup 
><msup><mrow 
><mi 
>e</mi></mrow><mrow 
><msup><mrow 
><mi 
>x</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup 
><mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2215;</mo><mn>2</mn>
      </mrow></msup 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <msub><mrow 
><mi 
>C</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub 
><msup><mrow 
><mi 
>e</mi></mrow><mrow 
><msup><mrow 
><mi 
>x</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup 
><mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2215;</mo><mn>2</mn>
      </mrow></msup 
><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo>
</mrow></math></div>
<!--l. 44--><p class="nopar">miss&#x00E4; on merkitty <!--l. 45--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><msub><mrow 
><mi 
>C</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x00B1;</mo><msup><mrow 
><mi 
>e</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mi 
>C</mi></mrow></msup 
></math>.
</p><!--l. 47--><p class="noindent">T&#x00E4;h&#x00E4;n muotoon p&#x00E4;&#x00E4;st&#x00E4;&#x00E4;n suoraankin kirjoittamalla integroinnissa vakio
muotoon <!--l. 48--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mo class="qopname"> ln</mo> <!--nolimits--> <mfenced separators="" 
open="|"  close="|" ><mrow><mi 
>C</mi> </mrow></mfenced></math>:
</p><!--tex4ht:inline--><!--l. 54--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" ><mtable 
columnalign="left" class="align-star">
                              <mtr><mtd 
columnalign="right" class="align-odd"></mtd>                              <mtd 
class="align-even"><mo mathsize="big" 
> &#x222B;</mo>
  <!--nolimits--><mfrac><mrow 
><mn>1</mn></mrow> 
<mrow 
><mi 
>y</mi></mrow></mfrac><mspace width="0em" class="thinspace"/><mi 
>d</mi><mi 
>y</mi> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo><mo mathsize="big" 
> &#x222B;</mo>
  <!--nolimits--><mi 
>x</mi><mspace width="0em" class="thinspace"/><mi 
>d</mi><mi 
>x</mi> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">+</mo><mo class="qopname"> ln</mo><!--nolimits--> <mfenced separators="" 
open="|"  close="|" ><mrow><mi 
>C</mi></mrow></mfenced><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mspace width="2em"/></mtd>                              <mtd 
columnalign="right" class="align-label"></mtd>                              <mtd 
class="align-label">
                              <mspace width="2em"/></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd 
columnalign="right" class="align-odd"></mtd>                              <mtd 
class="align-even"><mo class="qopname">ln</mo><!--nolimits--> <mfenced separators="" 
open="|"  close="|" ><mrow><mi 
>y</mi></mrow></mfenced> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <msup><mrow 
><mi 
>x</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup 
><mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2215;</mo><mn>2</mn> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">+</mo><mo class="qopname"> ln</mo><!--nolimits--> <mfenced separators="" 
open="|"  close="|" ><mrow><mi 
>C</mi></mrow></mfenced><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mspace width="2em"/></mtd>                                 <mtd 
columnalign="right" class="align-label"></mtd>                              <mtd 
class="align-label">
                              <mspace width="2em"/></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd 
columnalign="right" class="align-odd"></mtd>                              <mtd 
class="align-even"> <mfenced separators="" 
open="|"  close="|" ><mrow><mi 
>y</mi></mrow></mfenced> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mfenced separators="" 
open="|"  close="|" ><mrow><mi 
>C</mi></mrow></mfenced><msup><mrow 
><mi 
>e</mi></mrow><mrow 
><msup><mrow 
><mi 
>x</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup 
><mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2215;</mo><mn>2</mn>
      </mrow></msup 
><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">,</mo><mspace width="2em"/></mtd>                                       <mtd 
columnalign="right" class="align-label"></mtd>                              <mtd 
class="align-label">
                              <mspace width="2em"/></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd 
columnalign="right" class="align-odd"></mtd>                              <mtd 
class="align-even"><mi 
>y</mi> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mi 
>C</mi><msup><mrow 
><mi 
>e</mi></mrow><mrow 
><msup><mrow 
><mi 
>x</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup 
><mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x2215;</mo><mn>2</mn>
      </mrow></msup 
><mo 
class="MathClass-punc">.</mo><mspace width="2em"/></mtd>                                         <mtd 
columnalign="right" class="align-label"></mtd>                              <mtd 
class="align-label">
<mspace width="2em"/></mtd></mtr></mtable></math>&#x0020;
                                                                                 
                                                                                 
<!--l. 55--><p class="noindent">Vakion kirjoittaminen t&#x00E4;h&#x00E4;n muotoon ei rajoita sen mahdollisia arvoja, sill&#x00E4;
<!--l. 56--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mo class="qopname">ln</mo><!--nolimits--><mfenced separators="" 
open="|"  close="|" ><mrow><mi 
>C</mi></mrow></mfenced></math> saa kaikki positiiviset ja
negatiivset arvot, kun <!--l. 57--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mi 
>C</mi><mo 
class="MathClass-rel">&#x2260;</mo><mn>0</mn></math>.
</p><!--l. 59--><p class="noindent">Jos <!--l. 59--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mi 
>C</mi> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mn>0</mn></math>, saadaan
yksitt&#x00E4;isratkaisuksi <!--l. 59--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mi 
>y</mi><mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-open">(</mo><mrow><mi 
>x</mi></mrow><mo 
class="MathClass-close">)</mo></mrow> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mn>0</mn></math>.
T&#x00E4;m&#x00E4; on alkuper&#x00E4;isen yht&#x00E4;l&#x00F6;n ratkaisu, mutta ei separoituun muotoon kirjoitetun
yht&#x00E4;l&#x00F6;n ratkaisu nimitt&#x00E4;j&#x00E4;n nollaksi tulemisen takia. T&#x00E4;m&#x00E4;n johdosta arvo
<!--l. 62--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mi 
>C</mi> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mn>0</mn></math> on
erikoistapaus ratkaisuprosessin kannalta.
</p><!--l. 65--><p class="noindent"><span 
class="ecbx-1000">Linkkej</span><span 
class="ecbx-1000">&#x00E4;</span>
</p><!--l. 65--><p class="noindent"><a 
href="../xml/algsep.xml" >separoituva yht&#x00E4;l&#x00F6;</a>
<br class="newline" />
<br class="newline" />
<span 
class="ecti-1000">Simo K. Kivel</span><span 
class="ecti-1000">&#x00E4;</span>    26.04.2001
</p>
 
</body> 
</html>
