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 <title>
  parab.xml
 </title>
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<p><a href="../mma/parab.nb">parab.nb</a></p>

<p class="Title">
 Parabolinen peili
</p>



<p class="Text">
 Taskulamppu on kaikille tuttu arkinen kapistus. Hyv&auml;n taskulampun valo tulee yhdensuuntaisena keilana ulos valaisimesta eik&auml; hajavaloa juuri synny. T&auml;llaisella valaisimella voidaan valaista kaukanakin oleviin kohteisiin hyv&auml;ll&auml; valovoimalla. Jotta lampulla olisi n&auml;m&auml; ominaisuudet, siin&auml; olevan heijastinpeilin tulee heijastaa mihin tahansa suuntaan polttimosta l&auml;htev&auml; valo samansuuntaisena s&auml;teen&auml; ulos valaisimesta. T&auml;llaisen peilipinnan idea on esitetty alla olevassa kuvassa.
</p>



<p class="Graphics">
 <img src="HTMLFiles/parab_1.gif" alt="[Graphics:HTMLFiles/parab_1.gif]"  width="171" height="287"  style="vertical-align:middle" />
</p>

<p class="Text">
 Selvitet&auml;&auml;n kyseisen peilinkaaren muoto. Kuvasta voimme n&auml;hd&auml;, ett&auml; mik&auml;li lamppu sijaitsee origossa,
</p>



<p class="DisplayFormula">
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mrow>
   <mi>tan</mi>
   <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
   <mrow>
    <mo>(</mo>
    <mrow>
     <mn>2</mn>
     <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
     <mi>&theta;</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mo>)</mo>
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
  <mo>=</mo>
  <mrow>
   <mfrac>
    <mi>y</mi>
    <mi>x</mi>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>=</mo>
   <mrow>
    <mfrac>
     <mrow>
      <mn>2</mn>
      <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
      <mi>tan</mi>
      <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
      <mrow>
       <mo>(</mo>
       <mi>&theta;</mi>
       <mo>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mrow>
     <mrow>
      <mn>1</mn>
      <mo>-</mo>
      <mrow>
       <msup>
        <mi>tan</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
       <mrow>
        <mo>(</mo>
        <mi>&theta;</mi>
        <mo>)</mo>
       </mrow>
      </mrow>
     </mrow>
    </mfrac>
    <mo>.</mo>
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
 </mrow>
</math>
</p>

<p class="Text">
 Lis&auml;ksi kuvaajan geometria paljastaa, ett&auml; k&auml;yr&auml;n tangentin suuntakulma pisteess&auml; <span class='InputInline' style='font-weight: normal;'>(x,y)</span> on <span class="DisplayFormulaInline">&theta;</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;eli
</p>



<p class="DisplayFormula">
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mfrac>
   <mrow>
    <mi>d</mi>
    <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
    <mi>y</mi>
   </mrow>
   <mrow>
    <mi>d</mi>
    <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
    <mi>x</mi>
   </mrow>
  </mfrac>
  <mo>=</mo>
  <mrow>
   <mi>tan</mi>
   <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
   <mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mo>(</mo>
     <mi>&theta;</mi>
     <mo>)</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mo>.</mo>
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
 </mrow>
</math>
</p>

<p class="Text">
 Sijoittamalla saadaan
</p>



<p class="DisplayFormula">
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mrow>
   <mrow>
    <mi>y</mi>
    <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
    <msup>
     <mrow>
      <mi>y</mi>
      <mo>'</mo>
     </mrow>
     <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
   </mrow>
   <mo>+</mo>
   <mrow>
    <mn>2</mn>
    <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
    <mrow>
     <mi>y</mi>
     <mo>'</mo>
    </mrow>
   </mrow>
   <mo>-</mo>
   <mi>y</mi>
  </mrow>
  <mo>=</mo>
  <mn>0.</mn>
 </mrow>
</math>
</p>

<p class="Text">
 Ratkaisemalla t&auml;m&auml; yht&auml;l&ouml; voidaan ratkaista peilin muoto xy-koordinaatistossa, kun lampun polttimo sijaitsee origossa.
</p>



<p class="Text">
 Laskujen aluksi on syyt&auml; h&auml;vitt&auml;&auml; mahdollisista aiemmista laskuista j&auml;&auml;neet muuttujat.
</p>



<p class="CellLabel">
 In[9]:=
</p>



<p class="Input">
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mi>Remove</mi>
  <mo>[</mo>
  <ms>Global`*</ms>
  <mo>]</mo>
 </mrow>
</math>
</p>

<p class="Text">
 Muodostetaan&nbsp;&nbsp;differentiaaliyht&auml;l&ouml;:
</p>



<p class="CellLabel">
 In[10]:=
</p>



<p class="Input">
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mi>yht</mi>
  <mo>=</mo>
  <mtext> </mtext>
  <mrow>
   <mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mrow>
      <mi>y</mi>
      <mo>[</mo>
      <mi>x</mi>
      <mo>]</mo>
     </mrow>
     <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
     <mrow>
      <mrow>
       <mrow>
        <mi>y</mi>
        <mo>'</mo>
       </mrow>
       <mo>[</mo>
       <mi>x</mi>
       <mo>]</mo>
      </mrow>
      <mo>^</mo>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </mrow>
    </mrow>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mrow>
     <mn>2</mn>
     <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
     <mi>x</mi>
     <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
     <mrow>
      <mrow>
       <mi>y</mi>
       <mo>'</mo>
      </mrow>
      <mo>[</mo>
      <mi>x</mi>
      <mo>]</mo>
     </mrow>
    </mrow>
    <mo>-</mo>
    <mtext> </mtext>
    <mrow>
     <mi>y</mi>
     <mo>[</mo>
     <mi>x</mi>
     <mo>]</mo>
    </mrow>
   </mrow>
   <mo>==</mo>
   <mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 </mrow>
</math>
</p>

<p class="CellLabel">
 Out[10]=
</p>



<p class="Output">
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mrow>
   <mrow>
    <mo>-</mo>
    <mrow>
     <mi>y</mi>
     <mo>[</mo>
     <mi>x</mi>
     <mo>]</mo>
    </mrow>
   </mrow>
   <mo>+</mo>
   <mrow>
    <mn>2</mn>
    <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
    <mrow>
     <msup>
      <mi>y</mi>
      <mo>&prime;</mo>
     </msup>
     <mo>[</mo>
     <mi>x</mi>
     <mo>]</mo>
    </mrow>
   </mrow>
   <mo>+</mo>
   <mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mi>y</mi>
     <mo>[</mo>
     <mi>x</mi>
     <mo>]</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
    <msup>
     <mrow>
      <msup>
       <mi>y</mi>
       <mo>&prime;</mo>
      </msup>
      <mo>[</mo>
      <mi>x</mi>
      <mo>]</mo>
     </mrow>
     <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
  <mo>&Equal;</mo>
  <mn>0</mn>
 </mrow>
</math>
</p>

<p class="Text">
 Valitaan alkuehdoksi k&auml;yr&auml;n ja x-akselin leikauspiste; t&auml;m&auml; olkoon kohdassa <span class='InputInline' style='font-weight: normal;'>x=-1</span>:
</p>



<p class="CellLabel">
 In[11]:=
</p>



<p class="Input">
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mi>alkuehto</mi>
  <mo>=</mo>
  <mrow>
   <mrow>
    <mi>y</mi>
    <mo>[</mo>
    <mrow>
     <mo>-</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mo>]</mo>
   </mrow>
   <mo>==</mo>
   <mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 </mrow>
</math>
</p>

<p class="CellLabel">
 Out[11]=
</p>



<p class="Output">
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mrow>
   <mi>y</mi>
   <mo>[</mo>
   <mrow>
    <mo>-</mo>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </mrow>
   <mo>]</mo>
  </mrow>
  <mo>&Equal;</mo>
  <mn>0</mn>
 </mrow>
</math>
</p>

<p class="Text">
 Ratkaistaan differentiaaliyht&auml;l&ouml;ryhm&auml;:
</p>



<p class="CellLabel">
 In[12]:=
</p>



<p class="Input">
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mi>rtk</mi>
  <mo>=</mo>
  <mtext> </mtext>
  <mrow>
   <mi>DSolve</mi>
   <mo>[</mo>
   <mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mo>{</mo>
     <mrow>
      <mi>yht</mi>
      <mo>,</mo>
      <mi>alkuehto</mi>
     </mrow>
     <mo>}</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mo>,</mo>
    <mrow>
     <mi>y</mi>
     <mo>[</mo>
     <mi>x</mi>
     <mo>]</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mo>,</mo>
    <mi>x</mi>
   </mrow>
   <mo>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 </mrow>
</math>
</p>

<p class="Message">
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mrow>
   <mi>Solve</mi>
   <mtext>::</mtext>
   <mi>dinv</mi>
  </mrow>
  <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
  <mrow>
   <mo>:</mo>
   <mtext> </mtext>
  </mrow>
  <semantics>
   <mrow>
    <mtext>The expression </mtext>
    <msup>
     <mrow>
      <mo>(</mo>
      <mrow>
       <mn>1</mn>
       <mo>+</mo>
       <msqrt>
        <mfrac>
         <mrow>
          <msup>
           <mi>x</mi>
           <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <msup>
           <mrow>
            <mrow>
             <mi>y</mi>
             <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
             <mrow>
              <mo>&#63329;</mo>
              <mn>1</mn>
              <mo>&#63330;</mo>
             </mrow>
             <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
             <mrow>
              <mo>&#63329;</mo>
              <mn>1</mn>
              <mo>&#63330;</mo>
             </mrow>
            </mrow>
            <mo>]</mo>
           </mrow>
           <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
         </mrow>
         <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
        </mfrac>
       </msqrt>
      </mrow>
      <mo>)</mo>
     </mrow>
     <mfrac>
      <mrow>
       <msup>
        <mrow>
         <mi>y</mi>
         <mo>[</mo>
         <mi>x</mi>
         <mo>]</mo>
        </mrow>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo>+</mo>
       <mrow>
        <msup>
         <mi>x</mi>
         <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <msqrt>
         <mfrac>
          <mrow>
           <mo>&#63329;</mo>
           <mn>1</mn>
           <mo>&#63330;</mo>
          </mrow>
          <mrow>
           <mo>&#63329;</mo>
           <mn>1</mn>
           <mo>&#63330;</mo>
          </mrow>
         </mfrac>
        </msqrt>
       </mrow>
      </mrow>
      <msup>
       <mi>x</mi>
       <mn>2</mn>
      </msup>
     </mfrac>
    </msup>
    <mtext> involves unknowns in more than one argument, so inverse functions cannot be used. </mtext>
    <maction actiontype='highlight'>
     <mi>More&hellip;</mi>
    </maction>
   </mrow>
   <annotation encoding='Mathematica'>&quot;The expression \\!\\(\\((1 + \\@\\(\\(x\\^2 + \\(y \\(\\(\[LeftSkeleton] 1 \[RightSkeleton]\\)\\) \\(\\(\[LeftSkeleton] 1 \[RightSkeleton]\\)\\)]\\)\\^2\\)\\/x\\^2\\))\\)\\^\\(\\(\\(y[x]\\)\\^2 + \\(\\(x\\^2\\\\ \\@\\(\\(\[LeftSkeleton] 1 \[RightSkeleton]\\)\\/\\(\[LeftSkeleton] 1 \[RightSkeleton]\\)\\)\\)\\)\\)\\/x\\^2\\)\\) involves unknowns in more than one argument, so inverse functions cannot be used. \\!\\(\\*ButtonBox[\\\&quot;More\[Ellipsis]\\\&quot;, ButtonStyle-&gt;\\\&quot;RefGuideLinkText\\\&quot;, ButtonFrame-&gt;None, ButtonData:&gt;\\\&quot;Solve::dinv\\\&quot;]\\)&quot;</annotation>
  </semantics>
 </mrow>
</math>
</p>

<p class="Message">
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mrow>
   <mi>Solve</mi>
   <mtext>::</mtext>
   <mi>dinv</mi>
  </mrow>
  <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
  <mrow>
   <mo>:</mo>
   <mtext> </mtext>
  </mrow>
  <semantics>
   <mrow>
    <mtext>The expression </mtext>
    <msup>
     <mrow>
      <mo>(</mo>
      <mrow>
       <mrow>
        <mo>-</mo>
        <mn>1</mn>
       </mrow>
       <mo>+</mo>
       <msqrt>
        <mfrac>
         <mrow>
          <msup>
           <mi>x</mi>
           <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <msup>
           <mrow>
            <mo>&#63329;</mo>
            <mn>1</mn>
            <mo>&#63330;</mo>
           </mrow>
           <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
         </mrow>
         <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
        </mfrac>
       </msqrt>
      </mrow>
      <mo>)</mo>
     </mrow>
     <mfrac>
      <mrow>
       <mrow>
        <mo>-</mo>
        <msup>
         <mrow>
          <mi>y</mi>
          <mo>[</mo>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mo>]</mo>
         </mrow>
         <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
       </mrow>
       <mo>+</mo>
       <mrow>
        <msup>
         <mi>x</mi>
         <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <msqrt>
         <mfrac>
          <mrow>
           <mo>&#63329;</mo>
           <mn>1</mn>
           <mo>&#63330;</mo>
          </mrow>
          <mrow>
           <mo>&#63329;</mo>
           <mn>1</mn>
           <mo>&#63330;</mo>
          </mrow>
         </mfrac>
        </msqrt>
       </mrow>
      </mrow>
      <msup>
       <mi>x</mi>
       <mn>2</mn>
      </msup>
     </mfrac>
    </msup>
    <mtext> involves unknowns in more than one argument, so inverse functions cannot be used. </mtext>
    <maction actiontype='highlight'>
     <mi>More&hellip;</mi>
    </maction>
   </mrow>
   <annotation encoding='Mathematica'>&quot;The expression \\!\\(\\((\\(\\(-1\\)\\) + \\@\\(\\(x\\^2 + \\(\[LeftSkeleton] 1 \[RightSkeleton]\\)\\^2\\)\\/x\\^2\\))\\)\\^\\(\\(\\(\\(-\\(y[x]\\)\\^2\\)\\) + \\(\\(x\\^2\\\\ \\@\\(\\(\[LeftSkeleton] 1 \[RightSkeleton]\\)\\/\\(\[LeftSkeleton] 1 \[RightSkeleton]\\)\\)\\)\\)\\)\\/x\\^2\\)\\) involves unknowns in more than one argument, so inverse functions cannot be used. \\!\\(\\*ButtonBox[\\\&quot;More\[Ellipsis]\\\&quot;, ButtonStyle-&gt;\\\&quot;RefGuideLinkText\\\&quot;, ButtonFrame-&gt;None, ButtonData:&gt;\\\&quot;Solve::dinv\\\&quot;]\\)&quot;</annotation>
  </semantics>
 </mrow>
</math>
</p>

<p class="Message">
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mrow>
   <mi>Solve</mi>
   <mtext>::</mtext>
   <mi>ifun</mi>
  </mrow>
  <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
  <mrow>
   <mo>:</mo>
   <mtext> </mtext>
  </mrow>
  <semantics>
   <mrow>
    <mtext>Inverse functions are being used by </mtext>
    <mi>Solve</mi>
    <mtext>, so some solutions may not be found; use Reduce for complete solution information. </mtext>
    <maction actiontype='highlight'>
     <mi>More&hellip;</mi>
    </maction>
   </mrow>
   <annotation encoding='Mathematica'>&quot;Inverse functions are being used by \\!\\(Solve\\), so some solutions may not be found; use Reduce for complete solution information. \\!\\(\\*ButtonBox[\\\&quot;More\[Ellipsis]\\\&quot;, ButtonStyle-&gt;\\\&quot;RefGuideLinkText\\\&quot;, ButtonFrame-&gt;None, ButtonData:&gt;\\\&quot;Solve::ifun\\\&quot;]\\)&quot;</annotation>
  </semantics>
 </mrow>
</math>
</p>

<p class="Message">
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mrow>
   <mi>Solve</mi>
   <mtext>::</mtext>
   <mi>ifun</mi>
  </mrow>
  <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
  <mrow>
   <mo>:</mo>
   <mtext> </mtext>
  </mrow>
  <semantics>
   <mrow>
    <mtext>Inverse functions are being used by </mtext>
    <mi>Solve</mi>
    <mtext>, so some solutions may not be found; use Reduce for complete solution information. </mtext>
    <maction actiontype='highlight'>
     <mi>More&hellip;</mi>
    </maction>
   </mrow>
   <annotation encoding='Mathematica'>&quot;Inverse functions are being used by \\!\\(Solve\\), so some solutions may not be found; use Reduce for complete solution information. \\!\\(\\*ButtonBox[\\\&quot;More\[Ellipsis]\\\&quot;, ButtonStyle-&gt;\\\&quot;RefGuideLinkText\\\&quot;, ButtonFrame-&gt;None, ButtonData:&gt;\\\&quot;Solve::ifun\\\&quot;]\\)&quot;</annotation>
  </semantics>
 </mrow>
</math>
</p>

<p class="Message">
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mrow>
   <mi>Solve</mi>
   <mtext>::</mtext>
   <mi>ifun</mi>
  </mrow>
  <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
  <mrow>
   <mo>:</mo>
   <mtext> </mtext>
  </mrow>
  <semantics>
   <mrow>
    <mtext>Inverse functions are being used by </mtext>
    <mi>Solve</mi>
    <mtext>, so some solutions may not be found; use Reduce for complete solution information. </mtext>
    <maction actiontype='highlight'>
     <mi>More&hellip;</mi>
    </maction>
   </mrow>
   <annotation encoding='Mathematica'>&quot;Inverse functions are being used by \\!\\(Solve\\), so some solutions may not be found; use Reduce for complete solution information. \\!\\(\\*ButtonBox[\\\&quot;More\[Ellipsis]\\\&quot;, ButtonStyle-&gt;\\\&quot;RefGuideLinkText\\\&quot;, ButtonFrame-&gt;None, ButtonData:&gt;\\\&quot;Solve::ifun\\\&quot;]\\)&quot;</annotation>
  </semantics>
 </mrow>
</math>
</p>

<p class="Message">
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mrow>
   <mi>General</mi>
   <mtext>::</mtext>
   <mi>stop</mi>
  </mrow>
  <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
  <mrow>
   <mo>:</mo>
   <mtext> </mtext>
  </mrow>
  <semantics>
   <mrow>
    <mtext>Further output of </mtext>
    <mrow>
     <mi>Solve</mi>
     <mtext>::</mtext>
     <ms>ifun</ms>
    </mrow>
    <mtext> will be suppressed during this calculation. </mtext>
    <maction actiontype='highlight'>
     <mi>More&hellip;</mi>
    </maction>
   </mrow>
   <annotation encoding='Mathematica'>&quot;Further output of \\!\\(Solve :: \\\&quot;ifun\\\&quot;\\) will be suppressed during this calculation. \\!\\(\\*ButtonBox[\\\&quot;More\[Ellipsis]\\\&quot;, ButtonStyle-&gt;\\\&quot;RefGuideLinkText\\\&quot;, ButtonFrame-&gt;None, ButtonData:&gt;\\\&quot;General::stop\\\&quot;]\\)&quot;</annotation>
  </semantics>
 </mrow>
</math>
</p>

<p class="CellLabel">
 Out[12]=
</p>



<p class="Output">
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mo>{</mo>
  <mrow>
   <mrow>
    <mo>{</mo>
    <mrow>
     <mrow>
      <mi>y</mi>
      <mo>[</mo>
      <mi>x</mi>
      <mo>]</mo>
     </mrow>
     <mo>&rightarrow;</mo>
     <mrow>
      <mrow>
       <mo>-</mo>
       <mn>2</mn>
      </mrow>
      <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
      <mi>&ImaginaryI;</mi>
      <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
      <msqrt>
       <mrow>
        <mrow>
         <mo>-</mo>
         <mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
        <mo>-</mo>
        <mi>x</mi>
       </mrow>
      </msqrt>
     </mrow>
    </mrow>
    <mo>}</mo>
   </mrow>
   <mo>,</mo>
   <mrow>
    <mo>{</mo>
    <mrow>
     <mrow>
      <mi>y</mi>
      <mo>[</mo>
      <mi>x</mi>
      <mo>]</mo>
     </mrow>
     <mo>&rightarrow;</mo>
     <mrow>
      <mn>2</mn>
      <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
      <mi>&ImaginaryI;</mi>
      <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
      <msqrt>
       <mrow>
        <mrow>
         <mo>-</mo>
         <mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
        <mo>-</mo>
        <mi>x</mi>
       </mrow>
      </msqrt>
     </mrow>
    </mrow>
    <mo>}</mo>
   </mrow>
   <mo>,</mo>
   <mrow>
    <mo>{</mo>
    <mrow>
     <mrow>
      <mi>y</mi>
      <mo>[</mo>
      <mi>x</mi>
      <mo>]</mo>
     </mrow>
     <mo>&rightarrow;</mo>
     <mrow>
      <mrow>
       <mo>-</mo>
       <mn>2</mn>
      </mrow>
      <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
      <msqrt>
       <mrow>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mo>+</mo>
        <mi>x</mi>
       </mrow>
      </msqrt>
     </mrow>
    </mrow>
    <mo>}</mo>
   </mrow>
   <mo>,</mo>
   <mrow>
    <mo>{</mo>
    <mrow>
     <mrow>
      <mi>y</mi>
      <mo>[</mo>
      <mi>x</mi>
      <mo>]</mo>
     </mrow>
     <mo>&rightarrow;</mo>
     <mrow>
      <mn>2</mn>
      <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
      <msqrt>
       <mrow>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mo>+</mo>
        <mi>x</mi>
       </mrow>
      </msqrt>
     </mrow>
    </mrow>
    <mo>}</mo>
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
  <mo>}</mo>
 </mrow>
</math>
</p>

<p class="Text">
 Laskenta tapahtuu kompleksilukuja hy&ouml;dynt&auml;en, jolloin neli&ouml;juurifunktion kaksihaaraisuuden takia annetaan varoitukset. Differentiaaliyht&auml;l&ouml;ll&auml; on selv&auml;stikin ratkaisuna nollafunktio, mutta t&auml;m&auml; ei ole probleeman kannalta mielenkiintoinen. Nelj&auml; muuta l&ouml;ydetty&auml; ratkaisua sis&auml;lt&auml;v&auml;t vain kaksi erilaista. N&auml;enn&auml;isest&auml; kompleksisuudesta huolimatta n&auml;m&auml; ovat reaalisia, kuten seuraava osoittaa.
</p>



<p class="CellLabel">
 In[13]:=
</p>



<p class="Input">
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mi>muodot</mi>
  <mo>=</mo>
  <mtext> </mtext>
  <mrow>
   <mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mrow>
      <mi>y</mi>
      <mo>[</mo>
      <mi>x</mi>
      <mo>]</mo>
     </mrow>
     <mo>/.</mo>
     <mi>rtk</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mo>//</mo>
    <mi>Simplify</mi>
   </mrow>
   <mo>//</mo>
   <mi>PowerExpand</mi>
  </mrow>
 </mrow>
</math>
</p>

<p class="CellLabel">
 Out[13]=
</p>



<p class="Output">
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mo>{</mo>
  <mrow>
   <mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mo>-</mo>
     <mn>2</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
    <mi>&ImaginaryI;</mi>
    <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
    <msqrt>
     <mrow>
      <mrow>
       <mo>-</mo>
       <mn>1</mn>
      </mrow>
      <mo>-</mo>
      <mi>x</mi>
     </mrow>
    </msqrt>
   </mrow>
   <mo>,</mo>
   <mrow>
    <mn>2</mn>
    <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
    <mi>&ImaginaryI;</mi>
    <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
    <msqrt>
     <mrow>
      <mrow>
       <mo>-</mo>
       <mn>1</mn>
      </mrow>
      <mo>-</mo>
      <mi>x</mi>
     </mrow>
    </msqrt>
   </mrow>
   <mo>,</mo>
   <mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mo>-</mo>
     <mn>2</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
    <msqrt>
     <mrow>
      <mn>1</mn>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mi>x</mi>
     </mrow>
    </msqrt>
   </mrow>
   <mo>,</mo>
   <mrow>
    <mn>2</mn>
    <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
    <msqrt>
     <mrow>
      <mn>1</mn>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mi>x</mi>
     </mrow>
    </msqrt>
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
  <mo>}</mo>
 </mrow>
</math>
</p>

<p class="Text">
 Reaaliset ratkaisut antavat peilin yl&auml;- ja alaosan muodon. Piirret&auml;&auml;n kuva:
</p>



<p class="CellLabel">
 In[14]:=
</p>



<p class="Input">
 <img src="HTMLFiles/parab_2.gif" alt="peili = Plot[Evaluate[muodot[[{3, 4}]]], {x, -1, 5}, AspectRatio-&gt;Automatic, DisplayFunct ... phics[{PointSize[0.1], Hue[.15], Point[{0, 0}], Hue[1], Thickness[0.015], Circle[{0, 0}, .3]}] ;"  width="290" height="111"  style="vertical-align:middle" />
</p>

<p class="Input">
 <img src="HTMLFiles/parab_3.gif" alt="Show[peili, lamppu, DisplayFunction&#62754;$DisplayFunction]"  width="251" height="31"  style="vertical-align:middle" />
</p>

<p class="Graphics">
 <img src="HTMLFiles/parab_4.gif" alt="[Graphics:HTMLFiles/parab_4.gif]"  width="176" height="288"  style="vertical-align:middle" />
</p>

<p class="CellLabel">
 Out[15]=
</p>



<p class="Output">
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mo>&hybull;</mo>
  <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
  <mi>Graphics</mi>
  <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
  <mo>&hybull;</mo>
 </mrow>
</math>
</p>

<p class="Text">
 Peili on muodoltaan py&ouml;r&auml;hdysparaboloidi.
</p>



<p class="Subtitle">
 Teht&auml;v&auml;
</p>



<p class='Text' style='background-color: #FFFF00;'>
 Laske peilin pinta-ala peilin ja x-akselin leikkauskohdan funktiona, kun peili rajoitetaan siten, ett&auml; se ei ulotu lampun etupuolelle. Millainen peilin tulee olla, jotta sen pinta-ala olisi 10 yksikk&ouml;&auml;?
</p>



<p style='font-style: italic;'>
 JP &amp; SKK 10.05.2001
</p>




<hr />
<p style='font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 8pt'>Created by
<a href="http://www.wolfram.com"><span style='font-style: italic'>Mathematica</span></a>
 &nbsp;(April 26, 2005)</p>

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