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<title>srjsym.html</title>
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<a href="../mpl/srjsym.mws" target="_blank">srjsym.mws</a>

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<p align="center">
<b><u><font color="#000000" size="5">Sarjaratkaisun etsiminen Maplella</font></u></b>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<font color="#000000">Olkoon tarkasteltavana ensimmäisen kertaluvun differentiaaliyhtälö:</font>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><tt>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top"><b><font color="#FF0000">diffyht:= diff(y(x), x)=1+y(x)^2;</font></b>
</td></tr>
</table>
</p>
<p align="center">
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</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<font color="#000000">Tälle pyritään etsimään sarjaratkaisu origokeskisenä potenssisarjana. Tavoitteena on laskea sarjan termien kertoimet </font>
<i><font color="#000000">n</font></i>
<font color="#000000">&nbsp;-asteiseen termiin saakka: </font>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><tt>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top"><b><font color="#FF0000">n:= 10;</font></b>
</td></tr>
</table>
</p>
<p align="center">
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
  <mrow>
    <mi>n</mi>
  </mrow>
  <mo>:=</mo>
  <mrow>
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  </mrow>
</math>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<font color="#000000">Potenssisarjojen käsittelyä varten on </font>
<i><font color="#000000">Maple</font></i>
<font color="#000000">ssa paketti </font>
<b><font color="#000000">powseries</font></b>
<font color="#000000">.</font>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><tt>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top"><b><font color="#FF0000">with(powseries):</font></b>
</td></tr>
</table>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<font color="#000000">Tarvittava potenssisarjamuotoinen yrite on </font>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><tt>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top"><b><font color="#FF0000">powcreate(yrite(k)=a[k]):<br />
tpsform(yrite, x, n);</font></b>
</td></tr>
</table>
</p>
<p align="center">
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</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<b><font color="#000000">Powcreate</font></b>
<font color="#000000">-komennolla luodaan </font>
<i><font color="#000000">Maple</font></i>
<font color="#000000">-proseduuri, joka vastaa haluttua potenssisarjaa. </font>
<b><font color="#000000">Tpsform</font></b>
<font color="#000000">-komennolla saadaan tulostettua haluttu määrä termejä luodusta potenssisarjasta. </font>
<b><font color="#000000">Powseries</font></b>
<font color="#000000">-pakettia käytettäessä on potenssisarjojen väliset operaatiot tehtävä paketin työkaluilla. Esimerkiksi kahta </font>
<b><font color="#000000">powcreate</font></b>
<font color="#000000">-komennolla luotua potenssisarjaa ei voida kertoa keskenään operaattorilla *, vaan on käytettävä paketin komentoa </font>
<b><font color="#000000">multiply</font></b>
<font color="#000000">. Vastaavasti </font>
<b><font color="#000000">diff</font></b>
<font color="#000000">-komento ei pure potenssisarjaan vaan on käytettävä komentoa </font>
<b><font color="#000000">powdiff</font></b>
<font color="#000000">.</font>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<font color="#000000">Sijoittamista varten on paketin työkaluilla laskettava valmiiksi alkuperäisessä differentiaaliyhtälössä esiintyvät derivointi ja toiseen potenssiin korottaminen. Tämän jälkeen potenssisarjoista muodostetaan sijoitusta varten polynomit ottamalla mukaan </font>
<i><font color="#000000">n </font></i>
<font color="#000000">ensimmäistä termiä.</font>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><tt>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top"><b><font color="#FF0000">yriteder:= powdiff(yrite):<br />
tpsform(yriteder, x, n);</font></b>
</td></tr>
</table>
</p>
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<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td valign="top"><tt>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top"><b><font color="#FF0000">yritetoiseen:= multiply(yrite, yrite):<br />
tpsform(yritetoiseen, x, n);</font></b>
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</table>
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            <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
            <msub>
              <mi>a</mi>
              <mn>3</mn>
            </msub>
          </mrow>
        </mrow>
      </mfenced>
      <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
      <msup>
        <mi>x</mi>
        <mn>5</mn>
      </msup>
    </mrow>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mfenced>
        <mrow>
          <mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mn>2</mn>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>0</mn>
              </msub>
            </mrow>
            <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
            <msub>
              <mi>a</mi>
              <mn>6</mn>
            </msub>
          </mrow>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mn>2</mn>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>1</mn>
              </msub>
            </mrow>
            <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
            <msub>
              <mi>a</mi>
              <mn>5</mn>
            </msub>
          </mrow>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mn>2</mn>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>2</mn>
              </msub>
            </mrow>
            <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
            <msub>
              <mi>a</mi>
              <mn>4</mn>
            </msub>
          </mrow>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <msup>
            <msub>
              <mi>a</mi>
              <mn>3</mn>
            </msub>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
        </mrow>
      </mfenced>
      <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
      <msup>
        <mi>x</mi>
        <mn>6</mn>
      </msup>
    </mrow>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mfenced>
        <mrow>
          <mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mn>2</mn>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>0</mn>
              </msub>
            </mrow>
            <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
            <msub>
              <mi>a</mi>
              <mn>7</mn>
            </msub>
          </mrow>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mn>2</mn>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>1</mn>
              </msub>
            </mrow>
            <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
            <msub>
              <mi>a</mi>
              <mn>6</mn>
            </msub>
          </mrow>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mn>2</mn>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>2</mn>
              </msub>
            </mrow>
            <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
            <msub>
              <mi>a</mi>
              <mn>5</mn>
            </msub>
          </mrow>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mn>2</mn>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>3</mn>
              </msub>
            </mrow>
            <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
            <msub>
              <mi>a</mi>
              <mn>4</mn>
            </msub>
          </mrow>
        </mrow>
      </mfenced>
      <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
      <msup>
        <mi>x</mi>
        <mn>7</mn>
      </msup>
    </mrow>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mfenced>
        <mrow>
          <mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mn>2</mn>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msub>
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                <mn>0</mn>
              </msub>
            </mrow>
            <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
            <msub>
              <mi>a</mi>
              <mn>8</mn>
            </msub>
          </mrow>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mrow>
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              <mn>2</mn>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>1</mn>
              </msub>
            </mrow>
            <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
            <msub>
              <mi>a</mi>
              <mn>7</mn>
            </msub>
          </mrow>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mrow>
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              <mn>2</mn>
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              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>2</mn>
              </msub>
            </mrow>
            <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
            <msub>
              <mi>a</mi>
              <mn>6</mn>
            </msub>
          </mrow>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mn>2</mn>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>3</mn>
              </msub>
            </mrow>
            <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
            <msub>
              <mi>a</mi>
              <mn>5</mn>
            </msub>
          </mrow>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <msup>
            <msub>
              <mi>a</mi>
              <mn>4</mn>
            </msub>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
        </mrow>
      </mfenced>
      <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
      <msup>
        <mi>x</mi>
        <mn>8</mn>
      </msup>
    </mrow>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mfenced>
        <mrow>
          <mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mn>2</mn>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>0</mn>
              </msub>
            </mrow>
            <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
            <msub>
              <mi>a</mi>
              <mn>9</mn>
            </msub>
          </mrow>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mn>2</mn>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>1</mn>
              </msub>
            </mrow>
            <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
            <msub>
              <mi>a</mi>
              <mn>8</mn>
            </msub>
          </mrow>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mn>2</mn>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>2</mn>
              </msub>
            </mrow>
            <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
            <msub>
              <mi>a</mi>
              <mn>7</mn>
            </msub>
          </mrow>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mn>2</mn>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>3</mn>
              </msub>
            </mrow>
            <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
            <msub>
              <mi>a</mi>
              <mn>6</mn>
            </msub>
          </mrow>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mn>2</mn>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>4</mn>
              </msub>
            </mrow>
            <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
            <msub>
              <mi>a</mi>
              <mn>5</mn>
            </msub>
          </mrow>
        </mrow>
      </mfenced>
      <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
      <msup>
        <mi>x</mi>
        <mn>9</mn>
      </msup>
    </mrow>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mi>O</mi>
      <mo>&ApplyFunction;</mo>
      <mfenced>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>10</mn>
        </msup>
      </mfenced>
    </mrow>
  </mrow>
</math>
</p>
<p align="left">
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><tt>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top"><b><font color="#FF0000">yritederpol:= convert(tpsform(yriteder, x, n), polynom);</font></b>
</td></tr>
</table>
</p>
<p align="center">
<img src="images/srjsym1.gif" width="723" height="36" alt="yritederpol := a[1]+2*a[2]*x+3*a[3]*x^2+4*a[4]*x^3+5*a[5]*x^4+6*a[6]*x^5+7*a[7]*x^6+8*a[8]*x^7+9*a[9]*x^8+10*a[10]*x^9" />
</p>
<p align="left">
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><tt>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top"><b><font color="#FF0000">yritetoiseenpol:= convert(tpsform(yritetoiseen, x, n), polynom);</font></b>
</td></tr>
</table>
</p>
<p align="left">
<img src="images/srjsym2.gif" width="746" height="36" alt="yritetoiseenpol := a[0]^2+2*a[0]*a[1]*x+(2*a[0]*a[2]+a[1]^2)*x^2+(2*a[0]*a[3]+2*a[1]*a[2])*x^3+(2*a[0]*a[4]+2*a[1]*a[3]+a[2]^2)*x^4+(2*a[0]*a[5]+2*a[1]*a[4]+2*a[2]*a[3])*x^5+(2*a[0]*a[6]+2*a[1]*a[5]+2*..." />
<br />
<img src="images/srjsym3.gif" width="813" height="36" alt="yritetoiseenpol := a[0]^2+2*a[0]*a[1]*x+(2*a[0]*a[2]+a[1]^2)*x^2+(2*a[0]*a[3]+2*a[1]*a[2])*x^3+(2*a[0]*a[4]+2*a[1]*a[3]+a[2]^2)*x^4+(2*a[0]*a[5]+2*a[1]*a[4]+2*a[2]*a[3])*x^5+(2*a[0]*a[6]+2*a[1]*a[5]+2*..." />
<br />
<img src="images/srjsym4.gif" width="713" height="36" alt="yritetoiseenpol := a[0]^2+2*a[0]*a[1]*x+(2*a[0]*a[2]+a[1]^2)*x^2+(2*a[0]*a[3]+2*a[1]*a[2])*x^3+(2*a[0]*a[4]+2*a[1]*a[3]+a[2]^2)*x^4+(2*a[0]*a[5]+2*a[1]*a[4]+2*a[2]*a[3])*x^5+(2*a[0]*a[6]+2*a[1]*a[5]+2*..." />
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<font color="#000000">Sijoitetaan yrite differentiaaliyhtälöön.</font>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><tt>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top"><b><font color="#FF0000">sarjayht:= yritederpol=1+yritetoiseenpol;</font></b>
</td></tr>
</table>
</p>
<p align="left">
<img src="images/srjsym5.gif" width="850" height="36" alt="sarjayht := a[1]+2*a[2]*x+3*a[3]*x^2+4*a[4]*x^3+5*a[5]*x^4+6*a[6]*x^5+7*a[7]*x^6+8*a[8]*x^7+9*a[9]*x^8+10*a[10]*x^9 = 1+a[0]^2+2*a[0]*a[1]*x+(2*a[0]*a[2]+a[1]^2)*x^2+(2*a[0]*a[3]+2*a[1]*a[2])*x^3+(2*a[..." />
<br />
<img src="images/srjsym6.gif" width="760" height="36" alt="sarjayht := a[1]+2*a[2]*x+3*a[3]*x^2+4*a[4]*x^3+5*a[5]*x^4+6*a[6]*x^5+7*a[7]*x^6+8*a[8]*x^7+9*a[9]*x^8+10*a[10]*x^9 = 1+a[0]^2+2*a[0]*a[1]*x+(2*a[0]*a[2]+a[1]^2)*x^2+(2*a[0]*a[3]+2*a[1]*a[2])*x^3+(2*a[..." />
<br />
<img src="images/srjsym7.gif" width="583" height="36" alt="sarjayht := a[1]+2*a[2]*x+3*a[3]*x^2+4*a[4]*x^3+5*a[5]*x^4+6*a[6]*x^5+7*a[7]*x^6+8*a[8]*x^7+9*a[9]*x^8+10*a[10]*x^9 = 1+a[0]^2+2*a[0]*a[1]*x+(2*a[0]*a[2]+a[1]^2)*x^2+(2*a[0]*a[3]+2*a[1]*a[2])*x^3+(2*a[..." />
<br />
<img src="images/srjsym8.gif" width="713" height="36" alt="sarjayht := a[1]+2*a[2]*x+3*a[3]*x^2+4*a[4]*x^3+5*a[5]*x^4+6*a[6]*x^5+7*a[7]*x^6+8*a[8]*x^7+9*a[9]*x^8+10*a[10]*x^9 = 1+a[0]^2+2*a[0]*a[1]*x+(2*a[0]*a[2]+a[1]^2)*x^2+(2*a[0]*a[3]+2*a[1]*a[2])*x^3+(2*a[..." />
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<font color="#000000">Yhtälön oikealla ja vasemmalla puolella on potenssisarja. Jotta nämä olisivat samat, tulee samakorkuisten potenssien kertoimien yhtälön oikealla ja vasemmalla puolella olla samat. Vähentämällä yhtälön oikea puoli vasemmasta saadaan aikaan polynomi, jonka potenssien kertoimien tulee tällöin olla 0. Poimimalla kertoimet </font>
<b><font color="#000000">coeffs</font></b>
<font color="#000000">-komennolla ja määrittelemällä ne nollaksi, saadaan yhtälöryhmä.</font>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><tt>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top"><b><font color="#FF0000">lhs(sarjayht)-rhs(sarjayht):<br />
coeffs(%, x):<br />
yhtalot:= {seq(%[i]=0, i=1..n)};</font></b>
</td></tr>
</table>
</p>
<p align="left">
<img src="images/srjsym9.gif" width="696" height="29" alt="yhtalot := {a[1]-1-a[0]^2 = 0, 2*a[2]-2*a[0]*a[1] = 0, -2*a[0]*a[2]-a[1]^2+3*a[3] = 0, 4*a[4]-2*a[0]*a[3]-2*a[1]*a[2] = 0, 5*a[5]-2*a[0]*a[4]-2*a[1]*a[3]-a[2]^2 = 0, 6*a[6]-2*a[0]*a[5]-2*a[1]*a[4]-2*a[..." />
<br />
<img src="images/srjsym10.gif" width="808" height="29" alt="yhtalot := {a[1]-1-a[0]^2 = 0, 2*a[2]-2*a[0]*a[1] = 0, -2*a[0]*a[2]-a[1]^2+3*a[3] = 0, 4*a[4]-2*a[0]*a[3]-2*a[1]*a[2] = 0, 5*a[5]-2*a[0]*a[4]-2*a[1]*a[3]-a[2]^2 = 0, 6*a[6]-2*a[0]*a[5]-2*a[1]*a[4]-2*a[..." />
<br />
<img src="images/srjsym11.gif" width="696" height="29" alt="yhtalot := {a[1]-1-a[0]^2 = 0, 2*a[2]-2*a[0]*a[1] = 0, -2*a[0]*a[2]-a[1]^2+3*a[3] = 0, 4*a[4]-2*a[0]*a[3]-2*a[1]*a[2] = 0, 5*a[5]-2*a[0]*a[4]-2*a[1]*a[3]-a[2]^2 = 0, 6*a[6]-2*a[0]*a[5]-2*a[1]*a[4]-2*a[..." />
<br />
<img src="images/srjsym12.gif" width="420" height="27" alt="yhtalot := {a[1]-1-a[0]^2 = 0, 2*a[2]-2*a[0]*a[1] = 0, -2*a[0]*a[2]-a[1]^2+3*a[3] = 0, 4*a[4]-2*a[0]*a[3]-2*a[1]*a[2] = 0, 5*a[5]-2*a[0]*a[4]-2*a[1]*a[3]-a[2]^2 = 0, 6*a[6]-2*a[0]*a[5]-2*a[1]*a[4]-2*a[..." />
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<font color="#000000">Tuloksena on rekursiivinen epälineaarinen yhtälöryhmä: ensimmäisestä yhtälöstä voidaan ratkaista </font>
<img src="images/srjsym13.gif" width="32" height="32" alt="a[1]" align="middle" />
<font color="#000000">, jos </font>
<img src="images/srjsym14.gif" width="32" height="32" alt="a[0]" align="middle" />
<font color="#000000">&nbsp;tunnetaan, toisesta tämän jälkeen </font>
<img src="images/srjsym15.gif" width="32" height="32" alt="a[2]" align="middle" />
<font color="#000000">, kolmannesta </font>
<img src="images/srjsym16.gif" width="32" height="32" alt="a[3]" align="middle" />
<font color="#000000">&nbsp;jne. Kokonaisuudessaan ryhmä voidaan ratkaista </font>
<b><font color="#000000">solve</font></b>
<font color="#000000">-komennolla. Tässä jälkimmäiseksi argumentiksi pitäisi oikeastaan antaa lista yhtälöryhmän tuntemattomista, mutta oletuksena on, että ratkaisu tapahtuu kaikkien ryhmässä esiintyvien symbolien suhteen. Kaikkia tuntemattomia ei saada ratkaistuiksi, vaan muut voidaan ainoastaan lausua ensimmäisen kertoimen </font>
<img src="images/srjsym17.gif" width="32" height="32" alt="a[0]" align="middle" />
<font color="#000000">&nbsp;avulla.</font>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><tt>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top"><b><font color="#FF0000">ratk:= solve(yhtalot);</font></b>
</td></tr>
</table>
</p>
<p align="left">
<img src="images/srjsym18.gif" width="684" height="45" alt="ratk := {a[1] = 1+a[0]^2, a[3] = 4/3*a[0]^2+a[0]^4+1/3, a[4] = 5/3*a[0]^3+a[0]^5+2/3*a[0], a[5] = 2*a[0]^4+a[0]^6+17/15*a[0]^2+2/15, a[7] = 8/3*a[0]^6+a[0]^8+12/5*a[0]^4+248/315*a[0]^2+17/315, a[9] = 1..." />
<br />
<img src="images/srjsym19.gif" width="700" height="45" alt="ratk := {a[1] = 1+a[0]^2, a[3] = 4/3*a[0]^2+a[0]^4+1/3, a[4] = 5/3*a[0]^3+a[0]^5+2/3*a[0], a[5] = 2*a[0]^4+a[0]^6+17/15*a[0]^2+2/15, a[7] = 8/3*a[0]^6+a[0]^8+12/5*a[0]^4+248/315*a[0]^2+17/315, a[9] = 1..." />
<br />
<img src="images/srjsym20.gif" width="552" height="45" alt="ratk := {a[1] = 1+a[0]^2, a[3] = 4/3*a[0]^2+a[0]^4+1/3, a[4] = 5/3*a[0]^3+a[0]^5+2/3*a[0], a[5] = 2*a[0]^4+a[0]^6+17/15*a[0]^2+2/15, a[7] = 8/3*a[0]^6+a[0]^8+12/5*a[0]^4+248/315*a[0]^2+17/315, a[9] = 1..." />
<br />
<img src="images/srjsym21.gif" width="647" height="45" alt="ratk := {a[1] = 1+a[0]^2, a[3] = 4/3*a[0]^2+a[0]^4+1/3, a[4] = 5/3*a[0]^3+a[0]^5+2/3*a[0], a[5] = 2*a[0]^4+a[0]^6+17/15*a[0]^2+2/15, a[7] = 8/3*a[0]^6+a[0]^8+12/5*a[0]^4+248/315*a[0]^2+17/315, a[9] = 1..." />
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<font color="#000000">Sijoittamalla kertoimet yritteeseen saadaan ratkaisuna olevan potenssisarjan alkupää: </font>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><tt>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top"><b><font color="#FF0000">sarjaratk:= subs(ratk, tpsform(yrite, x, n+1));</font></b>
</td></tr>
</table>
</p>
<p align="left">
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
  <mrow>
    <mi>sarjaratk</mi>
  </mrow>
  <mo>:=</mo>
  <mrow>
    <mrow>
      <msub>
        <mi>a</mi>
        <mn>0</mn>
      </msub>
      <mo>+</mo>
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            <mn>1</mn>
            <mo>+</mo>
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                <mi>a</mi>
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              </msub>
              <mn>2</mn>
            </msup>
          </mrow>
        </mfenced>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <mi>x</mi>
      </mrow>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mrow>
          <msub>
            <mi>a</mi>
            <mn>0</mn>
          </msub>
          <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
          <mfenced>
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              <mn>1</mn>
              <mo>+</mo>
              <msup>
                <msub>
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                <mn>2</mn>
              </msup>
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          </mfenced>
        </mrow>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mfenced>
          <mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mfrac>
                <mn>4</mn>
                <mn>3</mn>
              </mfrac>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msup>
                <msub>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                  <mn>0</mn>
                </msub>
                <mn>2</mn>
              </msup>
            </mrow>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <msup>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>0</mn>
              </msub>
              <mn>4</mn>
            </msup>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <mfrac>
              <mn>1</mn>
              <mn>3</mn>
            </mfrac>
          </mrow>
        </mfenced>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>3</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mfenced>
          <mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mfrac>
                <mn>5</mn>
                <mn>3</mn>
              </mfrac>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msup>
                <msub>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                  <mn>0</mn>
                </msub>
                <mn>3</mn>
              </msup>
            </mrow>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <msup>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>0</mn>
              </msub>
              <mn>5</mn>
            </msup>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <mrow>
              <mfrac>
                <mn>2</mn>
                <mn>3</mn>
              </mfrac>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>0</mn>
              </msub>
            </mrow>
          </mrow>
        </mfenced>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>4</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mfenced>
          <mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mn>2</mn>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msup>
                <msub>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                  <mn>0</mn>
                </msub>
                <mn>4</mn>
              </msup>
            </mrow>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <msup>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>0</mn>
              </msub>
              <mn>6</mn>
            </msup>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <mrow>
              <mfrac>
                <mn>17</mn>
                <mn>15</mn>
              </mfrac>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msup>
                <msub>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                  <mn>0</mn>
                </msub>
                <mn>2</mn>
              </msup>
            </mrow>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <mfrac>
              <mn>2</mn>
              <mn>15</mn>
            </mfrac>
          </mrow>
        </mfenced>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>5</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mfenced>
          <mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mfrac>
                <mn>7</mn>
                <mn>3</mn>
              </mfrac>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msup>
                <msub>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                  <mn>0</mn>
                </msub>
                <mn>5</mn>
              </msup>
            </mrow>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <msup>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>0</mn>
              </msub>
              <mn>7</mn>
            </msup>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <mrow>
              <mfrac>
                <mn>77</mn>
                <mn>45</mn>
              </mfrac>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msup>
                <msub>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                  <mn>0</mn>
                </msub>
                <mn>3</mn>
              </msup>
            </mrow>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <mrow>
              <mfrac>
                <mn>17</mn>
                <mn>45</mn>
              </mfrac>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>0</mn>
              </msub>
            </mrow>
          </mrow>
        </mfenced>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>6</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mfenced>
          <mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mfrac>
                <mn>8</mn>
                <mn>3</mn>
              </mfrac>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msup>
                <msub>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                  <mn>0</mn>
                </msub>
                <mn>6</mn>
              </msup>
            </mrow>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <msup>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>0</mn>
              </msub>
              <mn>8</mn>
            </msup>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <mrow>
              <mfrac>
                <mn>12</mn>
                <mn>5</mn>
              </mfrac>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msup>
                <msub>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                  <mn>0</mn>
                </msub>
                <mn>4</mn>
              </msup>
            </mrow>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <mrow>
              <mfrac>
                <mn>248</mn>
                <mn>315</mn>
              </mfrac>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msup>
                <msub>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                  <mn>0</mn>
                </msub>
                <mn>2</mn>
              </msup>
            </mrow>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <mfrac>
              <mn>17</mn>
              <mn>315</mn>
            </mfrac>
          </mrow>
        </mfenced>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>7</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mfenced>
          <mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mn>3</mn>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msup>
                <msub>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                  <mn>0</mn>
                </msub>
                <mn>7</mn>
              </msup>
            </mrow>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <msup>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>0</mn>
              </msub>
              <mn>9</mn>
            </msup>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <mrow>
              <mfrac>
                <mn>16</mn>
                <mn>5</mn>
              </mfrac>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msup>
                <msub>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                  <mn>0</mn>
                </msub>
                <mn>5</mn>
              </msup>
            </mrow>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <mrow>
              <mfrac>
                <mn>88</mn>
                <mn>63</mn>
              </mfrac>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msup>
                <msub>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                  <mn>0</mn>
                </msub>
                <mn>3</mn>
              </msup>
            </mrow>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <mrow>
              <mfrac>
                <mn>62</mn>
                <mn>315</mn>
              </mfrac>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>0</mn>
              </msub>
            </mrow>
          </mrow>
        </mfenced>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>8</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mfenced>
          <mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mfrac>
                <mn>1382</mn>
                <mn>2835</mn>
              </mfrac>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msup>
                <msub>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                  <mn>0</mn>
                </msub>
                <mn>2</mn>
              </msup>
            </mrow>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <mrow>
              <mfrac>
                <mn>10</mn>
                <mn>3</mn>
              </mfrac>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msup>
                <msub>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                  <mn>0</mn>
                </msub>
                <mn>8</mn>
              </msup>
            </mrow>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <mrow>
              <mfrac>
                <mn>424</mn>
                <mn>189</mn>
              </mfrac>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msup>
                <msub>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                  <mn>0</mn>
                </msub>
                <mn>4</mn>
              </msup>
            </mrow>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <mrow>
              <mfrac>
                <mn>37</mn>
                <mn>9</mn>
              </mfrac>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msup>
                <msub>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                  <mn>0</mn>
                </msub>
                <mn>6</mn>
              </msup>
            </mrow>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <mfrac>
              <mn>62</mn>
              <mn>2835</mn>
            </mfrac>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <msup>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>0</mn>
              </msub>
              <mn>10</mn>
            </msup>
          </mrow>
        </mfenced>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>9</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mfenced>
          <mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mfrac>
                <mn>1382</mn>
                <mn>14175</mn>
              </mfrac>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>0</mn>
              </msub>
            </mrow>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <mrow>
              <mfrac>
                <mn>14102</mn>
                <mn>14175</mn>
              </mfrac>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msup>
                <msub>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                  <mn>0</mn>
                </msub>
                <mn>3</mn>
              </msup>
            </mrow>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <mrow>
              <mfrac>
                <mn>3179</mn>
                <mn>945</mn>
              </mfrac>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msup>
                <msub>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                  <mn>0</mn>
                </msub>
                <mn>5</mn>
              </msup>
            </mrow>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <mrow>
              <mfrac>
                <mn>77</mn>
                <mn>15</mn>
              </mfrac>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msup>
                <msub>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                  <mn>0</mn>
                </msub>
                <mn>7</mn>
              </msup>
            </mrow>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <mrow>
              <mfrac>
                <mn>11</mn>
                <mn>3</mn>
              </mfrac>
              <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
              <msup>
                <msub>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                  <mn>0</mn>
                </msub>
                <mn>9</mn>
              </msup>
            </mrow>
            <mo>+</mo>
            <msup>
              <msub>
                <mi>a</mi>
                <mn>0</mn>
              </msub>
              <mn>11</mn>
            </msup>
          </mrow>
        </mfenced>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>10</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mi>O</mi>
        <mo>&ApplyFunction;</mo>
        <mfenced>
          <msup>
            <mi>x</mi>
            <mn>11</mn>
          </msup>
        </mfenced>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
  </mrow>
</math>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<font color="#000000">Tämä sisältää yhden määräämättömän vakion </font>
<img src="images/srjsym22.gif" width="32" height="32" alt="a[0]" align="middle" />
<font color="#000000">, kuten ensimmäisen kertaluvun differentiaaliyhtälön yleiselle ratkaisulle luonnollista onkin. Jos alkuehdoksi valitaan </font>
<i><font color="#000000">y</font></i>
<font color="#000000">(0) = 0, tulee olla </font>
<img src="images/srjsym23.gif" width="57" height="32" alt="a[0] = 0" align="middle" />
<font color="#000000">. Vastaava yksittäisratkaisu on </font>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><tt>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top"><b><font color="#FF0000">yksratk:= subs(a[0]=0, sarjaratk);</font></b>
</td></tr>
</table>
</p>
<p align="center">
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
  <mrow>
    <mi>yksratk</mi>
  </mrow>
  <mo>:=</mo>
  <mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mi>x</mi>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mfrac>
          <mn>1</mn>
          <mn>3</mn>
        </mfrac>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>3</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mfrac>
          <mn>2</mn>
          <mn>15</mn>
        </mfrac>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>5</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mfrac>
          <mn>17</mn>
          <mn>315</mn>
        </mfrac>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>7</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mfrac>
          <mn>62</mn>
          <mn>2835</mn>
        </mfrac>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>9</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mi>O</mi>
        <mo>&ApplyFunction;</mo>
        <mfenced>
          <msup>
            <mi>x</mi>
            <mn>11</mn>
          </msup>
        </mfenced>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
  </mrow>
</math>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<font color="#000000">Tämä on sama kuin funktion tan(</font>
<i><font color="#000000">x</font></i>
<font color="#000000">) origokeskinen Taylorin sarja: </font>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><tt>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top"><b><font color="#FF0000">series(tan(x), x, n+1);</font></b>
</td></tr>
</table>
</p>
<p align="center">
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
  <mrow>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mn>3</mn>
      </mfrac>
      <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
      <msup>
        <mi>x</mi>
        <mn>3</mn>
      </msup>
    </mrow>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mfrac>
        <mn>2</mn>
        <mn>15</mn>
      </mfrac>
      <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
      <msup>
        <mi>x</mi>
        <mn>5</mn>
      </msup>
    </mrow>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mfrac>
        <mn>17</mn>
        <mn>315</mn>
      </mfrac>
      <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
      <msup>
        <mi>x</mi>
        <mn>7</mn>
      </msup>
    </mrow>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mfrac>
        <mn>62</mn>
        <mn>2835</mn>
      </mfrac>
      <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
      <msup>
        <mi>x</mi>
        <mn>9</mn>
      </msup>
    </mrow>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mi>O</mi>
      <mo>&ApplyFunction;</mo>
      <mfenced>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>11</mn>
        </msup>
      </mfenced>
    </mrow>
  </mrow>
</math>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<font color="#000000">Näin tulee ollakin, sillä differentiaaliyhtälö on separoituva ja sen yleiseksi ratkaisuksi saadaan </font>
<i><font color="#000000">y</font></i>
<font color="#000000">&nbsp;= tan(</font>
<i><font color="#000000">x</font></i>
<font color="#000000">&nbsp;+ </font>
<i><font color="#000000">C</font></i>
<font color="#000000">). </font>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><tt>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top"><b><font color="#FF0000">dsolve(diffyht, y(x));</font></b>
</td></tr>
</table>
</p>
<p align="center">
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
  <mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mi>y</mi>
      <mo>&ApplyFunction;</mo>
      <mfenced>
        <mi>x</mi>
      </mfenced>
    </mrow>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mi>tan</mi>
      <mo>&ApplyFunction;</mo>
      <mfenced>
        <mrow>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mi>_C1</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mfenced>
    </mrow>
  </mrow>
</math>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<font color="#000000">Jotta sarjaratkaisulle voitaisiin piirtää kuvaaja, siitä on pudotettava jäännöstermi pois. Tämän tarkkaa lausekettahan ei tunneta eikä sille siis voida laskea numeerisia arvoja piirtämistä varten. Jäännöstermin poistaminen tapahtuu muuntamalla potenssisarja polynomiksi komennolla </font>
<b><font color="#000000">convert</font></b>
<font color="#000000">.</font>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><tt>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top"><b><font color="#FF0000">poly:= convert(yksratk, polynom);</font></b>
</td></tr>
</table>
</p>
<p align="center">
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
  <mrow>
    <mi>poly</mi>
  </mrow>
  <mo>:=</mo>
  <mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mi>x</mi>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mfrac>
          <mn>1</mn>
          <mn>3</mn>
        </mfrac>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>3</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mfrac>
          <mn>2</mn>
          <mn>15</mn>
        </mfrac>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>5</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mfrac>
          <mn>17</mn>
          <mn>315</mn>
        </mfrac>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>7</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mfrac>
          <mn>62</mn>
          <mn>2835</mn>
        </mfrac>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>9</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
  </mrow>
</math>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<font color="#000000">Sarjaratkaisu ja funktio tan(</font>
<i><font color="#000000">x</font></i>
<font color="#000000">) samassa kuvassa: </font>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><tt>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top"><b><font color="#FF0000">plot({poly, tan(x)}, x=0..1.5);</font></b>
</td></tr>
</table>
</p>
<p align="center">
<img src="images/srjsym24.gif" width="448" height="448" alt="[Maple Plot]" />
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<font color="#000000">Esitetty lasku ei anna viitteitä sarjaratkaisun suppenemisalueesta. Kokonaan muilla keinoilla voidaan osoittaa, että tangentin origokeskisen Taylorin sarjan suppenemissäde on </font>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
  <mrow>
    <mfrac>
      <mn>1</mn>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </mfrac>
    <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
    <mi>&pi;</mi>
  </mrow>
</math>
<font color="#000000">. Sarja suppenee siis vain välillä ]</font>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
  <mrow>
    <mo>-</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mn>2</mn>
      </mfrac>
      <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
      <mi>&pi;</mi>
    </mrow>
  </mrow>
  <mo>,</mo>
  <mrow>
    <mfrac>
      <mn>1</mn>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </mfrac>
    <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
    <mi>&pi;</mi>
  </mrow>
</math>
<font color="#000000">[. <br />
</font>
</p>
<p align="left">
<font color="#000000">Haluttua termilukua &nbsp;voidaan edellä olevassa laskussa muuttaa ja tämän jälkeen laskea kaikki uudelleen valinnalla Evaluate Notebook valikosta Kernel/Evaluation. <br />
</font>
</p>
<p align="left">
<b><font color="#000000" size="5">Ratkaisu suoraan dsolve-komennolla</font></b>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<i><font color="#000000">Maple</font></i>
<font color="#000000">n </font>
<b><font color="#000000">dsolve</font></b>
<font color="#000000">-komennolla on mahdollista laskea suoraan ratkaisuja, jotka ovat Taylorin sarjoja. Tällöin käytetään parametria </font>
<b><font color="#000000">type=series</font></b>
<font color="#000000">.</font>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<font color="#000000">Esimerkkinä edellä johdettu sarjaratkaisu suoraan </font>
<b><font color="#000000">dsolve</font></b>
<font color="#000000">-komennolla:</font>
</p>
<p align="left">
</p>
<p align="left">
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><tt>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top"><b><font color="#FF0000">Order:=10:<br />
dsolve({diffyht, y(0)=0}, y(x), type=series):<br />
simplify(%);</font></b>
</td></tr>
</table>
</p>
<p align="center">
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
  <mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mi>y</mi>
      <mo>&ApplyFunction;</mo>
      <mfenced>
        <mi>x</mi>
      </mfenced>
    </mrow>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mi>x</mi>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mfrac>
          <mn>1</mn>
          <mn>3</mn>
        </mfrac>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>3</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mfrac>
          <mn>2</mn>
          <mn>15</mn>
        </mfrac>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>5</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mfrac>
          <mn>17</mn>
          <mn>315</mn>
        </mfrac>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>7</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mfrac>
          <mn>62</mn>
          <mn>2835</mn>
        </mfrac>
        <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>9</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mi>O</mi>
        <mo>&ApplyFunction;</mo>
        <mfenced>
          <msup>
            <mi>x</mi>
            <mn>10</mn>
          </msup>
        </mfenced>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
  </mrow>
</math>
</p>
<p align="left">
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><tt>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top"></td></tr>
</table>
</p>

<p><b>Linkkejä</b></p>


<a href="../xml/srjrtk.xml">sarjamuotoinen yrite</a><br/>

<p align="left">
<i><font color="#000000">SKK &amp; MS 31.05.2001</font></i>
<font color="#000000">&nbsp;</font>
</p>



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